Siemens: Cost and Activity-based Costing Objectives

15. 514 Summer 2003 Session 17 Activity-Based Costing Objectives 1. Computation of product costs using ABC 2. Understand the role of judgment: how are cost pools and cost drivers determined? 3. Link cost data to strategic choices Game Plan & Class Pedagogy Case discussion. Reading Assignment CP: Siemens Electric Motor Works Class Preparation Questions Focus your group’s attention on the qualitative questions (1 -6). Attempt to answer questions 7 and 8 before coming to class, but don’t invest excessive time on this task, as we will work through the computational issues together in class. Thinking about the issues and the costing approaches should take precedence over â€Å"getting the right numbers. † 1. What were the competitive conditions facing EMW in the late 1970s? 2. What change in strategy did EMW’s managers undertake in response to these conditions? 3. How did EMW’s new strategy change the way products were manufactured? 4. Describe the 1970s costing system at EMW. 5. Describe the 1980s costing system (PROKASTA) at EMW. 6. How do the two systems differ in their treatment of costs for order processing and special components? 7. Calculate the cost of the five orders in Exhibit 4 under the traditional and PROKASTA cost systems. Hint: first compute the PROKASTA costs of processing an order and handling a special component. 8. Compare traditional and PROKASTA costs for Motor A in Exhibit 4 if 1 unit, 10 units, 20 units, or 100 units are ordered. 9. If you were a manager at EMW, how might you use the new cost system to make better

Desdemona’s death Essay

Iago does not immediately suggest Desdemona’s death. He first ensures that Othello is convinced of her guilt. At the beginning of the scene, Iago tells Othello that it is not a crime for a woman to be naked with a man if nothing happens. He also states that if he were to give his wife a handkerchief, she would be able to do with it as she wished. These reminders of Desdemona’s supposed unfaithfulness arouse Othello’s anger. After Iago finally admits that Cassio has told him he has lain with Desdemona, Othello is already blind with rage and jealousy. In order to further goad Othello, Iago convinces Othello to hide explaining that he will ask Cassio to describe his relationship with Desdemona. Iago instructs Othello to observe Cassio’s face during the conversation. In reality Iago recounts his experience with a prostitute named Bianca. Cassio is so amused by his story that he laughs hysterically. Othello, who is already irrational at this point, imagines that he is hearing more than he actually is. When Cassio talks about about Bianca hanging on his neck and pulling at him, Othello says, â€Å"Now he tells how she plucked him to y chamber† (4. 1. 141). Later on in the scene, Bianca appears, and argues with Cassio. Iago uses this in his favor by convincing Othello that Cassio has given Desdemona’s handkerchief to Bianca, a prositute. Othello asks, â€Å"How shall I murder him, Iago? † (4. 1. 170). When Iago attempts to equate both Cassio and Desdemona to trash, Othello can think only of killing Cassio, but not his beautiful and loving wife. Sarcastically, Iago says to Othello, â€Å"If you are so fond over her iniquity, give her patent to offend; for, if it touch not you, it comes near nobody† (4. 1. 197-199). Threatened with emotional isolation, Othello responds as Iago wants him to and says, â€Å"I will chop her into messes. Cuckold me! † (4. 1. 200). Iago first discredits Desdemona by supposedly offering proof of her infidelities to Othello. Iago then angers Othello by framing Cassio, making it appear as though Cassio is laughing about his trysts with Desdemona. Othello is so enraged that he decides Cassio must die, but he cannot bring himself to kill Desdemona. Finally, Iago threatens Othello with emotional isolation. Othello finally concedes and states that Desdemona must die.

Theimpactsofpopulationgrowthonfoodconsumption Essay

Theimpactsofpopulationgrowthonfoodconsumption - Essay Example Population and Consumption, n.d.). Fundamentally, fertile land and water are the basic essential resources required to produce food; evidently, both these resources are limited on the planet. Growing population bring along growing demands and requirements of people, thereby these resources are under constant pressure. Growing population is not only responsible for putting up a challenge to fulfil the requirements of people but is also challenging to the economic development and environment of the planet. As a result, farmers are expected to produce more food in their limited land and water resources. Thus, population growth as well as pattern of utilization of resources directly influences the environmental changes resulting in loss of biodiversity, pollution, global warming, depletion of ozone layer, deforestation and a serious impact on numerous forest, aquatic and land ecosystems. Thus, growth of human population is modifying nature which in turn brings catastrophic consequences (Web. Population Growth and Consump tion, n.d.). Further than meeting the challenging market demands, global food production is associated with numerous fundamental objectives encompassing societies together with reducing poverty and malnutrition, enhanced accessibility to a healthy diet as well as better allocation and management of fresh water resources, amplification in the use of renewable energy resources, climate protection along with biological diversity and protection of ecosystems. Evidently, an insight into the future perspectives of food and agriculture sector is a major concern of the society as well as the policy makers. To all intents and purposes, capturing the intricate connections between food production and cognitive development adequately, integrated scientific representation based appraisals and evaluations are needed. With the escalating growth of human population it is evident that over the next decade the food demand

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 393

Assignment Example To stop such unfair actions and from threatening of employee, a committee of neutral people could have been formed. The role of this committee would be to identify any unfair practices used by anyone to intimidate or threaten anyone. Moreover, employees should also have been asked to report any such unfair practice or intimidation they or their family members have received to this committee and then the committee would have the authority to punish such people. Yes, the racial nature of the rhetoric puts an extra pressure or burden on the union than a normal rhetoric about an employer. When the racism, ethnicity, religion and cultural aspects are involved then it influences people more than the normal situation (Jackson, Schuler, & Werner, 2009). Thus, in this situation, with the involvement of racism, not only the patriotism towards the country or racism has ignited, but it has also encouraged employees that have not been satisfied to show their frustration. Thus, by combining the ethnic or racism, an extra burden has been

Operations Managment.Intangible specialisation and product-mix Essay

Operations Managment.Intangible specialisation and product-mix optimisation - Essay Example Based on the specific perspective oriented approach that the operations management makes regarding productivity agenda of an organization, strategic management can be used to formulate policies to enable balancing of availed options in operations (Schiavone, 2004, p7). In this study, Fiat’s case study has been used to demonstrate the importance of understanding operations management from a systems approach in withstanding market conditions. Perhaps defining the term intangible within the context of organization operations will assist in making a conclusive perspective eon the topic. The term intangible denotes assets, capital or factors that an organization works with but they are not immediately visible. On the other hand, tangible assets are the physically visible factors which the company uses in production. Both tangible and intangible factors contribute to the overall operation of the company. Economic evolution of organizations and other production entities is characterized by the accumulation of assets both. Intangible assets also represent relevant knowledge and technologies that the organization needs to remain in a specified production line. Intangible specialization is the concentration of accumulation of assets that are intangible in nature such as technology, with little emphasis being made to accumulation of tangible assets. Since there is some need to balance the control of accumulation of these two sets of assets, it becomes detrimental in the long run when the organization is unable to achieve the balance. Intangible specialization entails the concept of management decision making that tends to lean to and favor the dominance of a service intensive approach in production operations. The most dominant characteristic of intangible specialization is heavy reliance on routines as well as dependence in rigid production paths. Inappropriate

Managing Personal Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Managing Personal - Case Study Example Effective communication is an important tool that has wide ranging influence in the smooth functioning of corporate bodies. It is significant in the administration of the organization and projection of organization's aims and objectives in the eyes of the public and stakeholders and also promotes better understanding of cross cultural values and help resolve conflicts. The change greatly facilitated in creating congenial work atmosphere that motivated and inspired others to improve their performance and achieve organization's goals with more enthusiasm, vigor and creativity. The third important change that he brought into the organization was in the regular performance appraisal that was linked to the compensation. The various offices, located at different geographical locations had wide disparity in the performance appraisal systems that were considerably influenced by the individual and regional interests. The uniform appraisal system ensured that employees across the world had equal opportunity for personal and professional growth. Indeed, the changes were designed to inculcate better ethical imperatives to provide competitive edge in the fast changing global business with long term benefits. The time bound implementation of its strategic goals had hugely improved the overall image and credibility of the organization. Answer 1(b) When Prince had made wide ranging changes in the strategic goals and administrative processes of Citigroup due to falling credibility of its ethical and regulatory control, he had the option of using different change model that could have expedited the solution of its immediate problems. Instead of adopting an integrated approach he might have solely focused on was strong appraisal system and stringent regulation and control system. Answer 1(c) Prince could have followed these model of change primarily because the focused approach would have given him and the organization to overcome the difficult phases of MTS in Europe and Japan fiasco which had greatly affected the credibility of the organization. The effective appraisal system would have ensured early detection of mismanagement so as to avert another Japan like event to corrode organizational image. Stringent regulation and control would have ensured adherence to company's guidelines and values. Most importantly, the process would have expedited the process of getting a clean chit from the U.S. Federal Reserve Board that had barred the company from making any 'significant acquisitions before getting its house in order'. These changes would have resulted in short term gain. Answer 2(a) When Prince took over the stewardship of Citigroup, it was under tremendous pressure from the Federal Regulation Authority and had huge demoralizing repercussions from the event of Japan and MTS. Under his leadership, he created visions and goals and inspired the workforce to work towards achieving them. In the fast changing equation of global business environment, he needed to introduce changes that would inculcate strong organizational culture which would be truly global in essence and encompass values that would cut across cultural divide and local interest. To make a significant difference to the work place, it is important the leaders and managers need to develop and enhance cross cultural relationship that must go beyond the officialdom in order to win the trust of the

Impact of Modern Day Terminals in the Success of an Air-Cargo Assignment

Impact of Modern Day Terminals in the Success of an Air-Cargo Operation - Assignment Example This has resulted in an increased preference for air travel due to the urgency of travelers and nature of goods which favors faster and efficient means of transport (Hanley, 2003). The modern airport terminals are therefore designed to handle increasing demand for passenger and cargo travels efficiently. Modern air cargo terminals are equipped with current facilities to handle different types of commodities. For example, there are cold rooms for storing fresh commodities such as agricultural produce which requires proper handling (Edwards, 2005). They are also equipped with compartments for handling live animals. Other equipment fitted to improve delivery of services includes well-secured rooms for valuable commodities to ensure their safety, and separate stores for items which release emissions, and others for storage of chemicals (Cambridge Systematic, Inc. Landrum & Brown, 2011). The modern terminals have well-trained staff which ensures smooth operations at the terminals. Their activities include handling of commodities, documentation, and verification of procedures. Since most of the terminals are automated, these processes are easier to implement online, therefore doing away with undue delays at the terminals (Edwards, 2005). Different airports have improved communication services both internal and externally to improve control of aircraft and ensure there are no interruptions due to two or more planes arriving at the same time (Hanley, 2003). This has also helped in reducing cases of accidents from plane crashes. Terminals capacities have been expanded to handle increasing demand for storage of goods and reception of passengers. They are fitted with different sections for handling imports and other for exports (Edwards, 2005). This separation of activities has eased unnecessary delays which otherwise occurs due to poor coordination of processes.

Why People Should be Concern about Global Warming Effects Essay

Why People Should be Concern about Global Warming Effects - Essay Example Among the environmental issues today is Global Warming. This is the effect of releasing too much Carbon Dioxide to the air. This compound will break up the bonds of the layer of compound that protects our atmosphere from UV rays and too much heat of the sun. When there is a lot of Carbon Dioxide in the air, it will thin up the ozone layer that protects all inhabitants in the earth. The ozone layer in the earth's atmosphere serves as protection from the sun's heat and radiation. Without this layer of gasses, Sun's heat penetrates much and it will be impossible for life to exist. There are a lot that causes of global warming. One of the causes of this environmental issue is the gasses released by power plants. This is the cause of more than a third of U. S. Carbon Dioxide emission (Public Interests Research, 2001). Another cause also is from the trucks and vehicles gasses. It has been known that a third of U. S. CO2 emission is due to these vehicles. Among the other causes are CFC's from aerosols and refrigerators, burning of fossil fuel, and burning of plastic (Save the Environment p.2). Big plants and companies around the world has been spending million or even billion of dollars just to get away about this issue. They had spent a lot just to discredit those scientific researches that prove that they cause harmful effects not just on human's health but to our environment directly. Some of these power coalitions are powerful and known oil, power, and auto companies who followed the lead of tobacco companies. Not only are those companies that contributed this present issue of global warming. Aside from those we are to blame also our trucks and vehicles for contributing for this problem. CFC or Chlorofluorocarbon that are present in aerosol spray, air-conditioning unit and refrigerators is one of the major causes of global warming. Almost residences in earth do have refrigerators; we use refrigerators to avoid spoilage of our food or food preservations. Air-conditioning unit is known also to offices and other establishments for cooling the surrounding. Aerosols are rampantly used for hair spray, air freshener and even spray paints (Webster Encyclopedia, p. 28). Another major cause of global warming is burning of fossil fuels. The gasses produced of this burning can largely cause global warming and may even leads to greenhouse effects. Burning fossil fuels somehow can't be avoided since a lot of us are dependent in this kind of energy or power source. This will cause the heating up of the earth's surface because these gasses accumulate to the upper atmosphere. Solar radiation can then passes through and reach the earth but heat is prevented from radiating back. This will then cause to the increase of Earth's atmospheric temperature. Plastic burning or incineration is even not excused on the problem of global warming. The burning of this synthesized material can also contribute to the said issue. Since plastics are inorganic materials and therefore do not decay (Webster Encyclopedia p. 654) there a lot of us burn it to dispose. Some do these because even if you burry or put plastics in compose pits, it never decay and disintegrate. As we look at our lifestyle today people love to use those trendy plastic bags and forgot the effect it may give to our

Hulu Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Hulu - Research Paper Example This paper will discuss the history of Hulu, as from 2007 to 2012. The name or phrase Hulu came from two Mandrin Chinese words, hu and lu meaning interactive recording (Hulu 1). The Hulu venture was made public in March 2007. Its main partners were MSN, AOL, Facebook, MySpace, Comcast and Yahoo. The company’s CEO was and still is Jason. He was made CEO in June 2007 (Barnett 1). The phrase Hulu was selected in August 2007, when the website was made official and started to stream. Hulu first invited its users to give them their email addresses for an upcoming beta test. Hulu began, in October 2007, the private beta testing through invitations (Barnett 1). After that, the network allowed its users also to invite their friends to the website. However, Hulu first launched for public access on 12th March, 2008, in the United States (Hulu 1). The first product to launch was HULU Syndication network. The network was developed and designed by the NBCUniversal team from New York. Hulu.com destinations site was the second product to be launch by Hulu ( Barnett 1). The network started an advertising campaign in NBC’s show of Super Bowl XLIII, with an ad featuring Alec Baldwin. The advertisement was titled Alec in Huluwood. The advertisement, aimed at humorously portraying the shocking secrets behind Hulu, made the site to look like an evil plot planning to destroy the globe. The ad suggested that Baldwin was, in fact, an alien in disguise (Barnett 1). However, advertisements kept on flowing throughout the media with media personalities such as Seth MacFarlane, Will Arnett, Eliza Dushku and Denis Leary. Disney made public, on 30th April, 2009, that it would be joining the venture and purchased a 27% share of Hulu (Hulu 1). During an industry conference, on 21st October, 2009, Deputy Chairman of News Corporation, Chase Carey argued that Hulu needed to advance in order to have a significant subscription

The Purpose of Initial Assessment and What Kind of Methods Could Be Used Essay Example for Free

The Purpose of Initial Assessment and What Kind of Methods Could Be Used Essay The purpose of an initial assessment is to firstly, make sure that a learner can enter the programme of study at a level that is appropriate to them. Secondly, these assessments also allow the learner to be able to plan their individual achievable learning goals. These initial assessments will become the framework of learners ILP’s (individual Learning Plans). They will also ensure that the learner provider and tutor can identify the gaps in learning sooner rather than later. It should go without saying that providers want the best for learners, it’s just as important that learners should know right from the start that they are entitled to the best for themselves†. (readingroom ,online) This demonstrates the importance of the initial assessment and its results have on an individual learner’s development. Initial Assessment are what they are, they are just the beginning and become a tailor made plan which then becomes a vital part of the teaching and learning for the learner and provider alike. â€Å"Assessment helps to set clear expectations for standards and achievement. CFBT, 2011,p10 . ) Initial assessment therefore ensures that there can be progression as it also allows learners themselves to see and develop on strengths and weaknesses from the outset. One can also suggest that these initial assessments are a motivational tool too, so that not only can the provider plan for the end goal but also that a learner can readily see that the results from initial assessments are used to determine achievable goals thus seeing that the overall course outcomes are achievable. There are several methods in which initial assessments can be ascertained. An initial interview gives a basic knowledge and is seen as a good indicator about the suitability of the learner, for example, what they have achieved in the past, what they want to achieve but as these are sometimes done prior to qualification results, this would not always produce a true reflection of a learner’s ability. Therefore a programme of induction following the interview and acceptance would ensure the learner can be fully assessed and ascertain not only the level they are working to but also any help that is required is in place from the beginning. Skills based testing is a common initial assessment tool. Learners take online or written assessments and the results ascertain their levels they are currently working on, furthermore specific diagnostic test homes in on the gaps in their skills. This method is effective and can give providers and tutors a general scale of ability, however one can argue that the results can also be misleading , for example if a learner has rushed or guessed part the assessment then the results would not be true reflection of the learners ability. BKSB is one of these online skills providers, used by many colleges. BKSB cover learner’s initial skills testing in literacy, numeracy and ICT, as well as diagnostic. However it can be argued that whilst convenient, for example, instant results and no marking by tutors and also identifies the specific subject knowledge and gaps , it can miss special needs problems such as dyslexia. Another initial assessment undertaken may include looking at a learner preferred learning style – commonly known as VAK , visual,( seeing and reading), auditory ( listening and speaking and kinaesthetic ( Touching and doing) . These are basically different ways of learning and be achieved through completion of questionnaires. This assessment is vital and is an integral part in the learner and tutors planning. Ensuring that your learners preferred style is embedded in the lesson plan (differentiation) can ensure that the learner’s motivation is continued. There are no right and wrong answers but in some cases there is not always a clear result, many learners may have a mix. However this could be seen as a positive when teaching a larger group as you can embed all three learning styles ensuring that a larger number will participate therefore keeping learners motivated and achieving goals and also progressing. Arguably you could suggest that the most important part of initial assessment is giving feed back to the learner of the results. This as we have said previously allows the learner to set themselves achievable goals. They have possibly already learnt things about themselves that they didn’t know. For example what their preferred style is. The advantage of this feedback session is that both learner and tutor have set clear manageable targets and goals. This is turn can be seen as a motivational tool for the learner as they have been part of the process and know what is expected from them. This also instils the motivation for the teacher to make sure that the learner can achieve their goals Regular reviews, target setting and referring to the initial assessments target setting is vital in ensuring a learner remains motivated, Learners will achieve if they can see themselves progressing. Smart targets therefore are an achievable and motivational tool as it will ensure that targets are met in an expected time frame. According to Reid (2007 pg. 14) motivation should be intrinsic, which means that a learner should be self-motivated. If the initial assessments have been managed effectively then they become the perfect platform for the Reid’s ideas, as the assessments are set up to insure that a learner as contributed to the target setting. Reid also states that ‘a car will not run without fuel, therefore a child won’t learn without motivation. (Reid 2007 pg. 4). Although aimed at younger children the ethos is the same in that even older learners need to be fed relevant facts in order to progress and reach goals. One could also suggest though that the older the learner is the harder it is to motivate as in some circumstances a lower self-esteem is more evident than in younger children, for example those leaners within foundation learning projects for example. If one uses foundation learning as an example, then motivating them becomes a juggling act as you have to employ strategies that would work over a mixed ability group. Characteristics of a group also play an important part of motivation. One main point is setting out a clear aim and objective of a day’s lessons. Learners then have an expectation of what is expected from them. Tutors must ensure there is a mix of learning skills. For example, the shyer, less confident learners might not want to join in with the speaking and listening task but then if you link it up with a task the quieter ones can excel at then you can continue to keep motivation going whilst also covering more challenging areas. This also is ensuring that you are achieving their goals but also their learning style patterns as stated in the leaners initial assessments. Feedback is vital and is especially important when reaching the end of a session or a unit of work and must include the completion of any smart targets reached, and then new ones to be set with the leaner thus detailing progress and keep motivation going. To ensure learners are kept motivated and achieving their goals, then there are of course many other strategies and theories. However the vital point remains that with the initial assessments and subsequent ILR’s, regular reviews with providers or tutors learners will hopefully continue to motivate themselves by seeing that they have achieved goals set, furthermore with every new set of new goals learners can see the on-going progression and therefore motivation to succeed continues.

Ward Management And Leadership Pressure

Ward Management And Leadership Pressure Reflective practice is a key aspect of Nursing Management and is guided by specific models of reflection. These models act as a framework within which nursing professionals can work. Additionally, it can also be considered as a learning model that serves the rationale of a profession and is predominantly linked to the field of health sciences. The practices based on Reflective approaches emphasize on the importance of learning through experiences following the thinking process and correlates the realistic experiences with the speculative learning approaches. Among the various different models of reflection, Gibbs Model strengthens upon the event and includes a critical description of situational happenings together with a reflection of perceptions and feelings persisted at that time upon being in to the state or situation. Subsequently, the nursing professional personally evaluates the nature of experience in a way that was been good or bad and thereby analyses if she can create any sense to the situation (Atkins, Murphy 1994). Within this essay, the described case study reflects on the ward manager who possessed minimal confidence at the time of assessment owing to the internal anxiety as well as the leadership pressure and lack of knowledge. In addition, this essay discusses several concerns pertaining to nursing practice and provides an insight to the potential importance of like history taking process and physical assessment. The Ward manager must understand the following principles of history taking process: Obtaining a history about health is a conversation that underlines a specific purpose. Unlike social discussions where in which we express the needs and interests with a responsibility only for ourselves, the primary goal of a nursing professional is the patient interview (carried out for the well-being of the patient) (Bickley, 2009). The underpinning ideology of history taking process is to establish a supportive and trust worthy relationship, gather and to offer information. It must be understood that the basic communication skills are essentially needed in order to maintain an effective rapport between the patient and therapist. The specific communication strategy of maintaining an open, reverent and inquisitive attitude (in questioning pattern) play a crucial role in enhancing the communication process, establishing trust and rapport together with the willingness of the patient in teaching to the history taker. But these strategies tend to exhibit difficulties during the coding process, especially when numerous answers were provided. The strategy of collaborative partnerships with the communication that is dependent on trust, respect and a willingness to reconsider assumptions assist in enabling patients to express concerns that run oppositely to the dominant culture. But these approaches cannot be applied to the limited number of population and it completely depends upon the interest of the patient. Nevertheless, the principles laid down by Tavistock (Rights, Balance, Comprehensiveness, Cooperation, Improvement, Safety and Openness) including other communication strategies guide the behaviour of individuals and the questioning patterns within healthcare. The critical knowledge about anatomical landmarks is definitely needed for any Ward Manager, prior to physical assessment process. These landmarks include hair (surface, allocation, scalp and critters), Nails and Skin (the assessor must know the terminology, diagrams and pictures of various layers). The HEENT (Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, Mouse and Throat) system, Thorax and Lung portions, the BREEK that involves breathe sounds, respiratory warning signs and terminologies as well as the video graphical picture of lungs and breast region to analyse the alveolar and blood vessel distribution (Hopcroft, Forte 2007). Additionally, the physical assessment skills play a crucial role identification and management of actual and potential health problems, evaluating the efficacy of nursing care, promoting the nurse patient relationships, making clinical judgements and developing, establishing the data that aid in the evolution of future nursing phases and practices (Jarvis, 2007). Though patient h istory is subjective, the physical assessment process is an objective study that starts with a general survey. Each part of the body that was reviewed has a nursing history during the initiation of objective exam procedure (Bickley, 2009). However, the ward manager must develop following strategies to ensure the quality within the physical assessment process. These comprise of asking open ended questions, listening cautiously and unwearyingly to the patient story, keeping an eye on physical findings, patients story, designing a methodical and organized sequence of physical examination and history taking process, evaluating mistakes in data compilation and construal techniques, conferring with the ward colleagues and reviewing the medical literature to clarify the potential uncertainties and finally applying principles of evidence based data analysis and practice within patient information and setting (Clark, Walsh 1999). On the other hand, the Ward manager must understand certain principles that govern the physical assessment. The selected assessments have to be valid, reliable and consistent. It must be highly specific and should identify the percentage of people who assessed negative among the group of people with no -diseased conditions (Cross, Rimmer 2002). Additionally, the principle of predictive value that indicates the reliability of the symptom (in examining the presence or absence of the disease) must also be conferred and the probability of true negatives out of the total population count need to be tested (Johns, 1995). Lastly, the test processes have to maintain sensitivity in a way by analysing the proportion of people with true positives and false negatives among the various groups of people under study (Higgins, 2007). Within the occupational health environments, tests are generally performed to minimise the work risks and to control the identified health complexities. The performed diagnostic tests include blood tests (Complete Blood Picture), breathing tests, heart rate and blood pressure monitoring, genetic and AIDS testing through specimen analysis (examples include stool test for occult blood, Tuberculosis testing and collecting blood samples for HIV and other sexual disease screening) (Higgins, 2007; Johns 1995). Furthermore, numerous diagnostic tests may be carried out on a regular basis depending upon the diseased condition of the patient. It is very important for the Ward Manager (who is carrying out the assessment) to understand the reference and the normal values of these diagnostic tests (Thibodeau, Patton 2006). The process of interpretation must be performed within the state of patient well being context and assessor must understand that specific circumstances like hydration, mental s tatus, fasting, nutrition and flexibility with the test etiquettes are the some of the influential factors that affect the test outcomes. The interferences due to alcohol and drug consumption, physical exercise, foods and beverages including diurnal and other cyclic variations must be analysed by the Ward Manager. This can seem to be possible only when he/she possess profound knowledge about pharmacology and physiology of the patient and exhibition of such knowledge is definitely needed to identify the patients state and condition (Bickley, 2009). In addition, the issues of Nonmaleficence (considered as not doing any harm or stated as First, do no harm). Beneficence that dictates the assessor in doing good for the patient must be followed. The specific actions of the clinicians need to be encouraged by what is within the patients best interest (Thibodeau, Patton 2006). Autonomy where in which the patients possess a right to choose their own best interest must be governed by the Ward Manager as a part of professionalism. The patient data must be maintained in a high confidential manner and should not be disclosed to anyone unless specific circumstances persist. The assessor need to enable the patient in explaining openly about his condition and should not be interrupted. In diagnosing mentally challenged patients, the ward manager need to give prime importance to the Informed Consent, an essential legal, professional and ethical issue that exercise the decision making capacity and treatment procedures (Fairley, 2005). During em ergency situations, where consent cannot be acquired, the treatment must be provided for any patient who need it and such treatment must be limited in a way that is instantaneously necessary to protect life and to prevent deterioration in patients health. This is the principle of necessity and it must be executed as a part of nursing profession (Higgins, 2007). In carrying out a physical assessment to the patient, the Ward Manager utilizes two different approaches, Head to Toe assessment (also called as Cephalocaudal approach) and Body systems approach. The first strategy involves examining the patient from top of the body to the toe portion (Schon, 1993). This type of assessment used in data collection aids to thwart overlooking of certain aspects in data collection process, minimizes the positional changes required and consumes less time as the nurse avoids periodical movements around the client. But this strategy may not ease the problem identification process. Towards the other side, the body system strategy includes collection of relevant data in accordance to the well-designed systems of the body. Further, it involves structural examination of each system with an aim to obtain clustered findings and disease identification (Bickley, 2009). Nevertheless, this approach may create tiresomeness to the patient and nurse owing to frequent po sitional changes. Additionally, this approach enables the nurse or the assessor in examining the body parts repeatedly and thereby devour more time. With relation to the present case study, it is highly necessary for the ward manager to gain sufficient knowledge on underlying principles of two strategies and I suggest he/she should implement the specific approach depending upon the patient condition, time and the proposed treatment (Bickley, 2009). If I was given a role in performing physical assessment, I would divide the patient body in to six general areas: head and neck, chest, abdomen, extremities, genitalia, anus and rectum. The findings obtained will be conferred for high accuracy as they critically depend upon specific techniques employed as well as on the structures identified (Jarvis, 2007). Additionally, the mental status assessment will be performed as a part of my role as this help would me in obtaining information about the level of patients organic functioning, attention, memory, abstract thinking ability. Each patient is assessed in a Cephalocaudal manner and the data obtained was documented carefully as it is important in the objective assessment (physical assessment) process (Cross, Rimmer 2002). Additionally, I will correlate the information present in preliminary test reports with the objective assessment data to identify the exact aetiology of the disease. The knowledge gained with relation to the reference and normal values will be applied within the treatment practice to understand the critical effect of prevailing imbalances. The patient will be assessed in a confident manner without any interference of anxiety and depression. The knowledge gained through the pharmacological and physiological perspectives was utilised to evaluate the disease and its deleterious effects on body systems. Following the analytical interpretations, the patient is then prescribed with the medication that suits with the disease condition. The total patient report signifying his name, identified medical problem, tests, findings and the treatment plan proposed will be documented for future reference (Bickley, 2009). Apart from these, various inter professional working barriers optimise the health care profession as well as the assessment process. These include professional jealousies, impractical expectations of others, confusion ambiguity about the role, professional attitudes towards one another, leadership responsibilities, anxiety, depression and lack of knowledge and several others. To enable an effective working relationship in nursing practice, it is very important to address these issues (Gustafsson, Fagerberg 2004). Among various factors depicted above, Leadership is the important issue and good leadership is essentially needed to enable efficient and effective decision making processes and assessments. The study by Clouder and Sellars (2004) identified that there may be nervousness for nurses and ward managers between their traditional role of care and rehabilitation therapy that demands standing back and encouraging independence. Introducing sudden responsibilities upon the nurses in a way by moving them from comfort zone (of taking care of patients) may increase their work load and this eventually leads in inappropriate assessment (Clouder, Sellars 2004). In order to demonstrate high expertise within the health care practice, nurses must possess essential skills related to therapeutic practice, coordination, empowerment and advocacy, education, clinical reasoning and governance, political awareness and advice or counselling techniques (Clouder, Sellars 2004). Today, the National and International Organisations in various countries have recognised the health promotional strategies for physical assessment process. Current concepts of these strategies include detection and prevention of disease through active promotion of well-being and quality of life, in-depth understanding of physical, cognitive, emotional and social factors that underline the disease process and addressing such factors with the use of sophisticated methodologies. Additionally, the patients must be advised about the various developmental strategies and an integrated explanation should be provided on the physical findings with health promotion (Somerville, Keeling 2004). When diagnosing children, the nurse must advise their parents about various developmental strategies, immunisation schedules, screening procedures that aid in their child development process. It must be understood that in order to achieve a healthier world, every health care professional must broadly empha sise on comprehensive health promotional strategies during childhood as their ultimate future depends upon the implementation of these approaches. Conclusion The present case study upon the Ward manager who was ineffective in carrying out assessment owing to depression, anxiety and leadership was effectively demonstrated along with the strategies that are needed to be followed to tackle such conditions. The manager was recommended to gain knowledge about pharmacological, physiological and anatomical perspectives. Lastly, I would advise the Ward manager to repeatedly practice Gibbs model of reflection, in a way by completing an exercise that provide an elaborate description of events, feelings, good and bad experiences and thereby analysing the responses practically to the situation under study.

Influences of a Teacher Essay -- Learning Education Essays

" A hundred years from now it will not matter what my bank account was, the sort of house I lived in, or the kind of car I drove but the world may be different because I was important in the life of a child."-Unknown What does a teacher do? Well, besides giving out tons of papers, numerous tests, and stories that the students aren't interested in reading (or just too lazy to read), teachers are responsible for creating the future leaders of tomorrow. In today's society one may find advancement difficult without a formal education. Education is one of society's institutions that helps to infuse in our younger generation the norms, values and morals of the world we live in. Teachers lead their students on the trip to success. Have you ever wondered how you would have gotten where you are today, or how you will get where you will be tomorrow without a great instructor? According to a private pedagogical survey of sources (teachers and students), some of the main qualities of teachers should be discipline, motivation, and above all, respect. I have interviewed three teachers and three students from the High School, Middle School, and Elementary School levels. How do we define discipline? When most people hear the word "discipline" they imagine an eighty year old, six foot five matron holding a long stick, preparing to give some outspoken child his just punishment. In modern terms, having a disciplined classroom is simply the act of maintaining structure and consistency in the working environment. Discipline is hard to achieve in a class where the teacher and students are viewed as equals. In this form of study, students will tend not to listen to the teacher when the time comes to work or be productive. In his article, " I'll ... ... able to apply what they learned. Just think, the positive influence of a teacher today creates the successful individual of tomorrow. Works Cited Cheney, Lynne V. " P.C. Alive and Entrenched" The Presence of Others:Voices that Call for Response. 2nd ed. Ed. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J.Ruszkiewicz. New York: St Martin's Press, 1977. 112 Haffamier, Suzanne & Lauren. Personal Interview. 6 Mar. 1999 Harr, Kerry. Personal Interview. 8 Mar. 1999 Schwartz, Arnie. Personal Interview.7 Mar. 1999 Shaw, Megan. Personal Interview.6 Mar. 1999 Thom, Chris. Personal Interview. 8 Mar.1999 Zawodniak, Christian. "'I'll Have to Help Some of You More Than I Want To'":Teacher Power, Student Pedagogy." The Presence of Others:Voices that Call for Response. 2nd ed. Ed. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. New York: St Martin's Press, 1977. 127- 130.

Struggle and Growth in Alice Walkers Color Purple Essay -- Color Purp

Struggle and Growth in Alice Walker's The Color Purple The Color Purple depicts the struggle and growth of Celie, an uneducated slave of the South who became a victim of racism, sexual roles, men, and social injustices, in numerous letters that she writes as a diary. Walker uses Celie's uneducated grammar to help the reader perceive the pain that she thinks and feels in order to become a mature, twentieth-century woman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As Celie writes to God for guidance and strength asking that she may carry on, her letters subtly shift to be intended for her intensely loved sister, Nettie, whom separated from Celie at an early age. Celie becomes a victim of brutal violence as she refuses to fight back to the injustices that black men, such as her husband and father, inflict upon her, including rape, verbal abuse and physical abuse. When Shug Avery, a blues singer who had an affair with Celie's husband, enters the novel, Celie's outlook on life gradually alters. Shug's manipulative, potent, and independent character aids Celie in growing strong and eventually learning to love others as well as herself as they share an intimate, sexual relationship together. Shug's belief in freedom of black women urges Celie to take complete domination of her own life. After years of keeping the memories of Nettie alive, Celie's courageous spirit and love of Nettie and Shug lead Celie t o forgiveness and reconciliation for all the pain inflicted upon her. When Nettie returns home with Celie's children after experiencing a whole new life in Africa, Celie finally is able to encounter true happiness through mental and emotional rebirth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although Nettie's character remains detached for years, she serves as Celie's confidante th... ...lthough Celie didn't receive Nettie's letters till months, sometimes years, after they were written, Celie continued to confide in Nettie with her deepest emotions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Without Nettie's character existing in the novel, Celie would eventually give up her gaining perseverance and cling onto the abuse and injustices she grew up in. Nettie served as Celie's emotinal and spiritual support while allowing the reader to experience knowledge of her African culture. Nettie explains to Celie the vast differences between her life in Africa, with blacks as the majority, and life in America, with blacks as the minority. She serves not only as a confidante but also as an educator for Celie's lost mind. Nettie's character intensifies Celie's need to love and be loved in The Color Purple. Works Cited: Walker, Alice. The Color Purple.New York: Pocket Books. 1982

Burton Snowboards Essay

In what ways does Burton Snowboards create utility for its different types of customers? Burton create utility for people who would like to enjoy a different type of activity in the snowing environment: †¢ Form utility: Burton took the idea of building the snowboard from snurfer which use to be received as a toy modify its concept to create a snowboard that can be perceived as a winter sport activity. †¢ Time utility: Burton’s snowboards products are available for people who enjoy snowboarding during the winter and snowing season which are suitable for snowboarding in ski mountains. Place utility: Burton made alliance with ski resorts to provide he snowboarding activity in ski mountains when the customers want to try different kind of winter sport. †¢ Ownership utility: Burton snowboard sells snowboard for the customers who like snowboarding activity around the world through a network of 3000 dealers sells the product. How can event marketing help Burton expand the customer base for its products? Burton conducts event marketing to allow people to try out the products for free; this will give the people to have an actual experience of the product and the activity that stays in the people’s memory, also the old customers can be invited and can give testimonies for the people about the product this is a good way to deliver the message about the product and increase the awareness as well. Burton runs about 400 demos around the word, these demos can maximize the audience involvement and interaction, so people remember and recall the product later at the time of buying. Suggest additional ways Burton snowboards marketers can use the Internet to more effectively build relationships and market their products? Burton snowboard can use the email newsletters to communicate with the existent customer and interested customers as well. It helps to provide an update about the company’s events and new products introduced. Customers will be kept updated about the company occasionally about the latest news, announcements or promotions. Blog is a great tool to provide two ways communications with the customers and people that share similar interests; Burton can recruit bloggers to write blogs about the events and products or any articles about the industry, and let the people response to them and share their ideas and inquiries. Burtons can join famous social network such as Facebook and twitter and allow many fans to join them this will enable burtons to update their fans about the event, offers, products, services and discuss related matters between fans. Relationship marketing is key to Burton’s success. Suggest two or three steps that the firm should be consider taking during the next five years to further enhance its relationships with the consumers and ski resorts? Burtons should take advantage of the best technology to easily keep track of business partners and customers preferences; this will help to identify key sales processes and provide ideas about the marketing plans for the existent customers and partners. Burtons should invest in its employees, training them to develop their interpersonal skills to deal with practical details of customers and their ability to handle complains and problems in order to exceed customer expectations about the services quality presented. Burtons can provide some sort of loyalty program for the existent customers to reward and motivate them to deal more with the company; this will enhance their relationship with the company and retain them at a lower cost of marketing.

Kaveri River water dispute Essay

Kaveri river flows in South Karnataka and then to Tamil Nadu. The sharing of waters of the river Kaveri has been the source of a serious conflict between the Indian states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The genesis of this conflict, rests in two controversial agreements—one signed in 1892 and another in 1924—between the erstwhile Madras Presidency and Princely State of Mysore. The 802 km Kaveri river [1] has 32,000 sq km basin area in Karnataka and 44,000 sq km basin area in Tamil Nadu. The state of Karnataka contends that it does not receive its due share of water from the river as does Tamil Nadu. Karnataka claims that these agreements were skewed heavily in favour of the Madras Presidency, and has demanded a renegotiated settlement based on â€Å"equitable sharing of the waters†. Tamil Nadu, on the other hand, pleads that it has already developed almost 3,000,000 acres (12,000 km2) of land and as a result has come to depend very heavily on the existing pattern of usage. Any change in this pattern, it says, will adversely affect the livelihood of millions of farmers in the state. Decades of negotiations between the parties bore no fruit. The Government of India then constituted a tribunal in 1990 to look into the matter. After hearing arguments of all the parties involved for the next 16 years, the tribunal delivered its final verdict on 5 February 2007. In its verdict, the tribunal allocated 419 billion ft ³ (12 km ³) of water annually to Tamil Nadu and 270 billion ft ³ (7.6 km ³) to Karnataka; 30 billion ft ³ (0.8 km ³) of Kaveri river water to Kerala and 7 billion ft ³ (0.2 km ³) to Pondicherry. The dispute however, appears not to have concluded, as all four states deciding to file review petitions seeking clarifications and possible renegotiation of the order. History of the dispute The British controlled both Mysore and Madras for a short period in the middle of the 19th century. During their regime, numerous plans were drawn up for the utilization of the Kaveri waters by both states. However, the drought and subsequent famine in the mid 1870s put a hold on the implementation of these plans. The plans were revived by Mysore in 1881, by which time Mysore was back in the hands of the Mysore kings, while present day Tamil Nadu continued to remain a part of the Madras Presidency. Mysore’s plans to revive the irrigation projects met with resistance from the Madras Presidency. Mysore state made a representation to the then British government; as a result of which, a conference was held in 1890 with the objective of agreeing â€Å"†¦on the principles of a modus vivendi, which would on the one hand allow to Mysore reasonable freedom in dealing with her irrigation works, and on the other, give to Madras practical security against injury to her interestsâ₠¬  and eventually the Agreement of 1892 was signed. Karnataka deems this agreement as having been between unequal partners because, while Mysore state was a princely state, Madras formed a part of the British Raj. Karnataka also considers this agreement to have been severely inimical to its interests as it gave sweeping powers and prescriptive rights to Madras, the lower riparian state. As per this agreement, Mysore was required to obtain Madras’ consent for any new irrigation reservoirs across any of the main rivers it wished to utilize and share information on any new irrigation scheme it wished to undertake to utilize the waters Things came to a head in 1910 when Mysore, under Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar as the king and Sir. M.Visvesvaraya as Chief Engineer came up with a plan to construct a dam at Kannambadi village to hold up to 41.5 TMC of water. The dam was planned to be built in two stages. In the first stage a capacity of 11 TMC was envisioned, while in the second stage the full capacity was set to be realized. Madras however, refused to give its consent for this move as it had its own plans to build a storage dam at Mettur with a capacity of 80 TMC. After a reference to the Government of India, permission was accorded to Mysore, but for a reduced storage of 11TMC. During construction, however, the foundation was laid to suit the earlier desired full storage. This raised Madras’ hackles and the dispute continued. As a result, the then British Government of India referred the matter to arbitration under Rule IV of the 1892 Agreement. The Cauvery dispute thus had come up for arbitration for the first time. Sir H D Griffin was appointed arbitrator and M. Nethersole, the Inspector General of Irrigation in India, was made the Assessor. They entered into proceedings on 16 July 1913 and the Award was given on 12 May 1914. The award upheld the earlier decision of the Government of India and allowed Mysore to go ahead with the construction of the dam up to 11 TMC. The agreement also stipulated that Mysore was not to increase its area under irrigation more than 110,000 acres (450 km2) beyond what was already existing, while the same cap for Madras Presidency was pegged at 301000|acre|km2. Nonetheless, Madras still appealed against the award and negotiations continued. Eventually an agreement was arrived at in 1924 and a couple of minor agreements were also signed in 1929 and 1933. The 1924 agreement was set to lapse after a run of 50 years. As a result of these agreements, Karnataka claims that Mysore was forced to give up rights. Post independence developments In 1947, India won independence from the British. This changed the equations drastically. Tamil Nadu was carved out of Madras Presidency and Mysore province became a state. Further in 1956, the reorganization of the states of India took place and state boundaries were redrawn based on linguistic demographics. Kodagu or Coorg (the birthplace of the Kaveri), became a part of Mysore state. Huge parts of erstwhile Hyderabad state and Bombay Presidency joined with Mysore state. Parts of Malabar which earlier formed part of Madras Presidency went to Kerala. Pondicherry had already become a de facto Union territory in 1954. All these changes further changed the equations as Kerala and Pondicherry also jumped into the fray. Kerala staked its claim as one of the major tributaries of the Kaveri, the Kabini, now originated in Kerala. Karaikal region of Pondicherry at the tail end of the river demanded the waters that it had always used for drinking and some minimal agriculture. While these additional claims complicated matters greatly at a technical level, Mysore state and Tamil Nadu still remained the major parties to the dispute. By the late 1960s, both states and the Central government began to realize the gravity of the situation as the 50 year run of the 1924 agreement was soon coming to an end. Negotiations were started in right earnest and discussions continued for almost 10 years 1970 s While discussions continued, a Cauvery Fact Finding Committee (CFFC) was constituted. The brief of the CFFC was to inspect the ‘ground’ realities and come up with a report. The CFFC came up with a preliminary report in 1972 and a final report in 1973. Inter state discussions were held based on this report. Finally in 1974, a draft agreement which also provided for the creation of a Cauvery Valley Authority was prepared by the Ministry of Irrigation. This draft however, was not ratified. While all these discussions went on, Tamil Nadu’s irrigated lands had grown from a pre-Mettur command area of 1,440,000 acres (5,800 km2) to 2,580,000 acres (10,400 km2) [7] while Karnataka’s irrigated area stood at 680,000 acres (2,800 km ²). Karnataka maintains that these figures demonstrate the lop-sided nature of the agreement.[7] In 1976, after a series of discussions between the two states and the Central government chaired by Jagjeevan Ram, the then Irrigation Minister, a final draft was prepared based on findings of the CFFC. This draft was accepted by all states and the Government also made an announcement to that effect in Parliament. Tamil Nadu came under President’s rule soon after that and the agreement was put on the backburner. When President’s rule was lifted, the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) with M. G. Ramachandran at the helm came to power for the first time in Tamil Nadu and the dispute took a new turn. The Tamil Nadu government now rejected the draft agreement and started insisting that the 1924 agreement had only provided for an extension and not a review. It began insisting that status quo be restored and everyone go back to the agreements of 1892 and 1924. This however, did not cut ice with Karnataka which had throughout maintained that those agreements were partisan and had been signed between unequal partners. When Karnataka began construction of the Harangi dam at Kushalanagara in Kodagu, it was once again met with resistance from Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu went to court demanding the constitution of a Tribunal under the Inter State Water Disputes Act (ISWD) of 1956. It also demanded the immediate stoppage of construction work at the dam site. As a result of Tamil Nadu’s protests, Karnataka had to fund the construction under the non-plan head and this led to a severe strain on its finances.[8] 1980s Later Tamil Nadu withdrew its case demanding the constitution of a tribunal and the two states started negotiating again. Several rounds of discussions were held in the 1980s. The result was still, a stalemate. In 1986, a farmer’s association from Tanjavur in Tamil Nadu moved the Supreme Court demanding the constitution of a tribunal. While this case was still pending, the two states continued many rounds of talks. This continued till April 1990 and yet yielded no results. The constitution of the tribunal The Supreme Court then directed the government headed by Prime Minister V. P. Singh to constitute a tribunal and refer all disputes to it. A three man tribunal was thus constituted on 2 June 1990. The tribunal was headquartered at New Delhi and was to be headed by Justice Chittatosh Mookerjee.[3][9] The four states presented their demands to the tribunal as under * Karnataka – claimed 465 billion ft ³ (13 km ³) as its share * Kerala – wants 99.8 billion ft ³ (2.83 km ³) as its share * Pondicherry – claims 9.3 billion ft ³ (0.3 km ³) * Tamil Nadu – wants the flows to be ensured in accordance with the terms of the agreements of 1892 and 1924 (ie., 566 billion ft ³ (16 km ³) for Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry; 177 billion ft ³ (5 km ³) for Karnataka and 5 billion ft ³ (0.1 km ³) for Kerala). [edit]Interim award and the riots Soon after the tribunal was set up, Tamil Nadu demanded a mandatory injunction on Karnataka for the immediate release of water and other reliefs. This was dismissed by the tribunal. Tamil Nadu now went back to the Supreme Court which directed the tribunal to reconsider Tamil Nadu’s plea. The tribunal reconsidered Tamil Nadu’s plea and gave an interim award on 25 June 1991. In coming up with this award, the tribunal calculated the average inflows into Tamil Nadu over a period of 10 years between 1980–81 and 1989–90. The extreme years were ignored for this calculation. The average worked out to 205 billion ft ³ (5.8 km ³) which Karnataka had to ensure reached Tamil Nadu in a water year. The award also stipulated the weekly and monthly flows to be ensured by Karnataka for each month of the water year. The tribunal further directed Karnataka not to increase its irrigated land area from the existing 1,120,000 acres (4,500 km2) Karnataka deemed this extremely inimical to its interests and issued an ordinance seeking to annul the tribunal’s award. The Supreme Court now stepped in at the President’s instance and struck down the Ordinance issued by Karnataka. It upheld the tribunal’s award which was subsequently gazetted by the Government of India on 11 December 1991. Karnataka was thus forced to accept the interim award and widespread demonstrations and violence broke out in parts of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu following this. Thousands of Tamil families had to flee from Bangalore in fear of being attacked and lynched by pro-Kannada activists. The violence and show down, mostly centered in the Tamil populated parts of Bangalore, lasted for nearly a month and most schools and educational institutions in Bangalore remained closed during this period. The crisis of 1995–1996 In 1995, the monsoons failed badly in Karnataka and Karnataka found itself hard pressed to fulfill the interim order. Tamil Nadu approached the Supreme Court demanding the immediate release of at least 30 billion ft ³. The Supreme Court refused to entertain Tamil Nadu’s petition and asked it to approach the tribunal. The tribunal examined the case and recommended that Karnataka release 11 billion ft ³. Karnataka pleaded that 11 billion ft ³ was unimplementable in the circumstances that existed then. Tamil Nadu now went back to the Supreme Court demanding that Karnataka be forced to obey the tribunal’s order. The Supreme Court this time recommended that the then Prime Minister, Mr. P. V. Narasimha Rao intervene and find a political solution. The Prime Minister convened a meeting with the Chief Ministers of the two states and recommended that Karnataka release 6 billion ft ³ instead of the 11 billion ft ³ that the tribunal ordered. Karnataka complied with the de cision of the Prime Minister and the issue blew over. Constitution of the CRA Karnataka had all through maintained that the interim award was not ‘scientific’ and was inherently flawed. It had, nevertheless, complied with the order except during 1995–96 when rains failed. What complicated matters was that the Interim award was ambiguous on distress sharing and there was no clear cut formula that everyone agreed upon to share the waters in the case of failure of the monsoon. In 1997, the Government proposed the setting up of a Cauvery River Authority which would be vested with far reaching powers to ensure the implementation of the Interim Order. These powers included the power to take over the control of dams in the event of the Interim Order not being honoured. Karnataka, which had always maintained that the interim order had no scientific basis and was intrinsically flawed, strongly protested the proposal to set up such an authority. The Government then made several modifications to the powers of the Authority and came up with a new proposal. The new proposal greatly reduced the executive powers of the Authority. The power to take over control of dams was also done away with. Under this new proposal, the Government set up two new bodies, viz., Cauvery River Authority and Cauvery Monitoring Committee. The Cauvery River Authority would consist of the Prime Minister and the Chief Ministers of all four states(Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, Kerala) and was headquartered in New Delhi. The Cauvery Monitoring Committee on the other hand, was an expert body which consisted of engineers, technocrats and other officers who would take stock of the ‘ground realities’ and report to the government . The flare up and high drama of 2002 In the summer of 2002, things once again came to a head as the monsoon failed in both Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Reservoirs in both states fell to record low levels and inevitably tempers rose. The sticking point yet again, as in 1995–96 was how the distress would be shared between the two states. The tribunal had overlooked this crucial point[10] when it gave the interim award and it had returned once again to haunt the situation. Tamil Nadu demanded that Karnataka honour the interim award and release to Tamil Nadu its proportionate share. Karnataka on the other hand stated that the water levels were hardly enough to meet its own demands and ruled out releasing any water in the circumstances that prevailed.[11] CRA meeting and the Supreme Court order A meeting of the CRA was called on 27 August but the Karnataka chief minister walked out of the meeting. The focus now shifted to the Supreme Court which ordered Karnataka to release 1.25 billion ft ³ of water every day unless CRA revised it. Karnataka started the release of water but pressed for another meeting of the CRA which was fixed for 8 September. The Tamil Nadu Chief Minister this time boycotted the meet citing insufficient notice as the reason. A minister from her cabinet, however represented Tamil Nadu. The CRA revised the Court’s order from 1.25 billion ft ³ to 0.8 billion ft ³ per day. This time however, the Karnataka government in open defiance of the order of the CRA, refused to release any water succumbing to the large scale protests that had mounted in the Kaveri districts of the state. Tamil Nadu aghast at the defiance, went back to the Supreme Court. Karnataka now resumed the release of water for a few days, but stopped it again on 18 September as a protesting farmer committed suicide by jumping into the reservoir and the protests threatened to take a dangerous turn. The centre now stepped in and asked Karnataka to release the water. The SC meanwhile, in response to Tamil Nadu’s petition asked the CRA for details of the water release and water levels in the reservoirs. The CRA in turn ordered for the inspections of the reservoirs. While the CRA inspected the reservoirs in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu (on 23 September) flatly refused to grant them permission to inspect its reservoirs. This move by Tamil Nadu Chief Minister, coupled with her earlier walkout and boycott of the CRA meets, came in for severe criticism from all quarters. On 30 September the Supreme court ordered Tamil Nadu to co-operate with the CRA and Tamil Nadu gave in Demonstrations The flare up had by now, well and truly taken an ugly turn and there were accusations and counter accusations being thrown all around in both states. The opposition parties in Tamil Nadu too had jumped into the fray and at the same time joining Jayalalitha in stinging rebukes of both the Centre and the CRA, while the opposition parties in Karnataka expressed their full solidarity with the Congress-led Karnataka government to protect their right to the Kaveri water. To add to all this, the dispute had already spilled onto the streets in the district of Mandya in Karnataka and was threatening to spread to other parts of the state too. Precipitating the matters on the streets, the SC ordered Karnataka on 3 October to comply with the CRA and resume the release of water. Karnataka once again refused to obey the orders of SC. Tamil Nadu slapped another contempt petition on Karnataka and soon the issue degenerated into a ‘free for all’ with all and sundry from both states joini ng the protests. Soon, film actors and various other cross sections of society from both states were on the streets. Tamil TV channels and screening of Tamil films were blocked in Karnataka. Also all buses and vehicles from Tamil Nadu were barred from entering Karnataka. The belligerence soon hit a crescendo with Tamil activists calling for a stoppage of power from the Neyveli Power station to Karnataka as a tit-for-tat measure. A Pan-Tamil militant outfit (a month or so later) went ahead and blasted a major power transformer supplying power to the neighbouring states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.[12] The Karnataka Chief Minister, Mr. S. M. Krishna on the other hand, fearing that the situation might spiral out of control, embarked on a padayatra from Bangalore to Mandya. While some saw this as merely a gimmick, some, like U R Ananthamurthy saw it as a good faith effort to soothe tempers and joined him in the yatra. 2003–2006 This period did not see any major flare up in the dispute even though the summer of 2003 saw a dry spell in both states. The monsoons in 2004, 2005 and 2006 was quite copious and this helped a great deal in keeping the tempers calm. While the last 3 or 4 years have been relatively quiet as far as jingoistic voices are concerned, a flurry of development has been afoot in the courts. The term of the tribunal was initially set to expire in August 2005. However, in the light of the many arguments the court was yet to hear, the tribunal filed a request for extension of its term. The extension was granted and the tribunal’s term was extended for another year until September 2006. Early in 2006, a major controversy erupted over the ‘Assessor’s report’ that was apparently ‘leaked’ to the press. The report had suggested a decision which Karnataka summarily rejected. Another major controversy erupted when just a couple of months before the September 2006 deadline, the tribunal recommended the formation of another expert committee to study the ‘ground realities’ yet again. This was unanimously and vehemently opposed by all the four states party to the dispute. The states contended that this move would further delay a judgment which has already been 16 years in the making. More than the disapproval of all the four states of the new expert committee that was proposed, the proposal turned out to be a major embarrassment for the tribunal. This was because, not only were the four states opposed to it, even the Chief Judge of the tribunal was opposed to it. However the other two assistant judges on 3-man adjudication team, overruled the opinion of the main Judge. And all this was done in a packed courtroom and this led to petty bickering and heated arguments between the three judges in the packed courtroom. This left everyone in the courtroom shocked and the Tamil Nadu counsel was moved to remark that it was embarrassing that the judges probably needed help settling their own disputes before adjudicating on the dispute at hand. Nonetheless, the new expert committee was formed and carried out further assessments. Subsequently, the extended deadline of the tribunal also passed and the tribunal was given yet another extension. Judgement The Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal announced its final verdict on 5 February 2007. According to its verdict,[13] Tamil Nadu gets 419 billion ft ³ (12 km ³) of Cauvery water while Karnataka gets 270 billion ft ³ (7.6 km ³). The actual release of water by Karnataka to Tamil Nadu is to be 192 billion ft ³ (5.4 km ³) annually. Further, Kerala will get 30 billion ft ³ and Pondicherry 7 billion ft ³. Tamil Nadu appears to have been accepting the verdict[citation needed] while the government of Karnataka, unhappy with the decision, filed a revision petition before the tribunal seeking a review[citation needed]. 2012 On 19th Sep 2012, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh , who is also the Chairman of Cauvery River Authority (CRA), directed Karnataka to release 9,000 cusecs of Cauvery water to Tamil Nadu at Biligundlu (the border) daily from September 21 t-19}} But Karnataka felt that this was impractical due to the drought conditions prevailing because of the failed monsoon. Karnataka then walked out of the high level meeting as a sign of protest. On Sep 21, 2012, Karnataka filed a petition before the Cauvery River Authority seeking review of its September 19 ruling. On Sep 24 ,2012, Tamil Nadu Chief minister directed the officials to immediately file a petition in the Supreme Court seeking a direction to Karnataka to release Tamil Nadu its due share of water.[14] On Sep 28, 2012, the Supreme Court slammed the Karnataka government for failing to comply with the directive of the CRA. [15] Left with no other option, Karnataka started releasing water. This led to wide protests and violence in Karnataka. [16] On Oct 4, 2012, the Karnataka government filed a review petition before the Supreme Court seeking a stay on its September 28 order directing it to release 9,000 cusecs of Cauvery water everyday to Tamil Nadu, until October 15. [17] On Oct 6, 2012, Several Kannada organisations, under the banner of â€Å"Kannada Okkoota†, called a Karnataka bandh (close down) on October 6 in protest against the Cauveri water release. [18] On Oct 8, 2012, Supreme Court of India has announced the release of 9000 cusecs has to be continued and its upto the CRA head, the Prime Minister is the responsible person. On Oct 8, 2012, the Prime Minister ruled out a review of the Cauvery River Authority’s (CRA) decision asking Karnataka to release 9,000 cusecs of water daily to Tamil Nadu till October 20, rejecting the plea by both the Congress and BJP leaders from Karnataka. Within a few hours from this, Karnataka stopped release of Cauvery water to Tamil Nadu [19] On Oct 9, 2012, Tamil Nadu chief minister directed authorities to immediately file a contempt petition against the Karnataka government for flouting the verdict of the Supreme Court by unilaterally stopping the release of Cauvery water to Tamil Nadu.[20] On Oct 17, 2012, Tamil Nadu made a fresh plea in the Supreme Court reiterating its demand for issuing appropriate directions to Karnataka to make good the shortfall of 48 tmcft of water as per the distress sharing formula.[21] On Nov 15, 2012, The Cauvery Monitoring Committee, directed the Karnataka government to release 4.81 tmcft to Tamil Nadu between November 16 and 30, 2012 [22] On Dec 6, 2012, The supreme court directed Karnataka to release 10,000 cusecs of water to Tamil Nadu. SC has asked centre to indicate the time frame within which the final decision of cauvery water dispute tribunal(which was given in feb 2007) will be notified. This decision was given in the view of saving the standing crops of both the states. [23]

A visit to the art institute of chicago museum

On South Michigan Avenue, stands the Art Institute of Chicago Museum. One of the first things that I noticed and one problem that I encountered is that The Art Institute of Chicago does not have its own parking lot. Good thing there are public garages nearby.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Art Institute has an â€Å"H† shape, if one will imagine from a bird’s-eye-view.   It is a three-storey building housing work spaces, study rooms, auditoriums and enclosed galleries. But what will truly stand out are its vast collections of paintings, sculptures, photographs, videos, textiles, and architectural drawings. (The Art Institute of Chicago 2005). I was simply impressed with the exhibits. I marveled at the extensive and interesting collections there. As evident on the other people’s reactions, I think they felt the same way. Different reactions and moods were elicited from each of the art pieces. The exhibit about the Icons of Divinity from South and Southeast Asia caught my interest. This focused mainly on the art of the Hindus and Buddhists. The images display complex ideas about divinity. And it is always appealing to learn about the art of other cultures. Another is the exhibit featuring the different treatments in the works of Harry Callahan, a photographer. (The Art Institute of Chicago 2005). The ‘Portrait of Cardinal Zelada’ by Anton Raffael, for me, presents the subject as someone dignified and regal. Emphasis is given on the position of the subject, sitting upright. The eyes and the small smile forming on the subject’s lips may also signify the graciousness of the subject. The artist may be portraying the righteousness and the nobility of the cardinal. I would also probably choose Anton Raffael to do my portrait. I would like my natural traits to be showed in the portrait, with more emphasis on the good characteristics. ‘Day of the Gods’ by Paul Gauguin and ‘Charity’ by Francesco de Mura both depict female nudes. Gauguin’s work has more eroticism in it than that of de Mura’s. That is because ‘Day of the Gods’ puts more emphasis on the physical beauty of the female, a Tahitian female in particular, than the other work. De Mura’s ‘Charity’, on the other hand, seems to dwell on motherhood and motherly love, thus, less erotic. I think the impact of eroticism is that it makes the visuals more attractive. Most people admire the physical beauty of the woman. Depicting and emphasizing that in the painting will draw more people into looking and appreciating the work of art. And lastly is the seascape, ‘The Beach at Sainte-Adresse’ by Claude Monet. The painting seems to express melancholy. Elements that point to such are the muted colors, the couple seated on the beach watching a regatta sail away, the coarse texture of the sand and the density and grayness of the sky. (The Art Institute of Chicago 2005) Even if only one of these parts is to be deleted, the message of the painting is not as full anymore. For instance, if the colors of the sky are changed into brighter hues, the painting won’t be so gloomy anymore. Or if the silhouettes of the sailboats are rubbed out of the painting, it won’t seem as though many people are sailing away. This just proves that all the elements in a painting contribute to the desired effect that an artist wants to show. Work Cited: 2005. The Art Institute of Chicago. http://www.artic.edu (accessed August 1,2006).      

Plp- Bings Competitive Advantages

â€Å"Bing† it on Google Introduction Mark Penn is taking a big leap by leaving his firm to work for Microsoft on a mission to fix Bing. The company is faced with becoming a competitive leader in the search engine area. Penn believes he can enter Microsoft with a different strategy. To improve Bing, Penn believes he needs Stack Ranking, which focuses product developers away from getting industry-leading products to market faster than the competition. According to the article, not including the marketing or the billions of dollars put into Bing, Google accounted for 69% of the searches in June alone.They say the key strategy to turn this company around would be to come up with an approach that would make Bing a different kind of search engine compared to Google. Analysis As stated above, Microsoft is trying to take the number one spot for the most used search engine. A competitive advantage can be defined as a firm’s ability to create value in a way that its rivals canno t. Microsoft and Yahoo! introduced Bing in 2009, which allows users to search for information regarding almost anything. While being introduced to everyone in 2009 other search engines were available.Bing’s competitive advantage over the others was that Bing offered subcategories onto the organic search results, allowing the user to quickly see the search results in logical groups. This is an issue for Bing because they are not the only company that offers these types of search engine results and no longer have a competitive advantage in the market on this basis. Another advantage with Bing, you get â€Å"enhanced results† which can also be taken as intelligently organized results that you can receive quickly and efficiently.Because of these enhanced results, many people chose to use the Bing search engine over Google but in recent years, other search engines have put a greater emphasis on their speed and results and are bypassing Bing. If Bing still had any competitiv e advantage, it would be that it offers enhanced results in search engines, however it has been proven for most businesses that use other competitors' search engines their speed and results are sufficient and they prefer them to Bing.This is evident which stated before that 69% of the search engine users chose Google over the 25. 6% for Bing. What hurt the Microsoft Company is that Bing was doing so poorly to the point they offered Penn a position to help â€Å"fix† Bing. This could make or break Bing seeing whether Penn can differentiate this search engine compared to the others. This will be difficult for Penn seeing that he lacks search engine product development expertise.No matter how speedy this search engine is or how well the results are, if Penn does not find a way to improve Bings market share this will be just a fad that the Microsoft has gone through and Google will continue doing well. Conclusions To be successful in any market you need to be able to compete and this is where Bing falls short. In order to make this search engine more successful Microsoft needs to come up with a more sufficient business strategy. They need to figure out where they best fit in and differentiate themselves from other companies.They also need to figure out their goals, and objectives, which will make it easier for them to target their users. If they were to apply their business to the VRINE model, they would quickly notice that their search engine is replaceable and has no ways to set their company’s search engines apart from others. I believe they are taking the right steps by trying to offer different options on their website but I think they will need to do more since they do not offer the same kind of links that Google does such as Gmail or Google Maps.I think that while Mark Penn is focusing on making Bing better in the market share area and the rest of Microsoft management needs to place a strong focus on finding innovators that can help Bing becom e a major competitor once again. Title- Can Mark Penn Fix Microsoft's Bing? Date-7/23/2012 Website-http://www. forbes. com/sites/petercohan/2012/07/23/can-mark-penn-fix-microsofts-bing/2/ Citation-Cohan, Peter. â€Å"Can Mark Penn Fix Microsoft's Bing? † Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 23 July 2012. Web. 09 Nov. 2012. .

Disagreement case study Essay

Disagreement between practitioner, child and a young person Sometimes children can be rebellious if there passing thru difficult time in their life or some stage, however we must not go into any argument with any child. Some times it’s good to give child and ourselves a little extra time alone to think again. Settings behaviour policy must be followed so the child or a young person will not be confused and they will know every consequence of their actions. We could call a another person to be with us at the time of talk to prevent any accusations, we must inform the manager just in case parent needs to be involved and also to allow communication between colleagues in setting to be up to date. Being informative and reasoning may allow child to understand further our point of view and in some case that may help issue to resolve. We must be sensitive, show them with our body language, that we are listening their point of view without interrupting their talk. Show child a respect and treat them like the adults, ask for mediator if you thin k that will be better for both side. Disagreement between Practitioner and adults In any work we all will have disagreement some point in our work life. Most of these disagreements are results of miss communication. To resolve this disagreement and prevent it to escalate we need to talk about them as soon as possible, the longer we leave the problem lye, becomes more difficult to get it resolve. It’s important to follow settings policies to make sure everyone behaves in an appropriate manner. Sometimes clash personalities, or our other qualities can make other side hard to cooperate with, in that case it’s good to arrange a mediator who can be voice of the both side and can mediate to resolve the issue. It will beneficial to be informative all the time, so other side can understand fully about the issue and the outcome of any actions. Other person can have their own personal problems so it’s good to show some sensitivity to their needs and questions may prevent lot of disagreements. Always we need to report our manager what happened and we nee d to keep manager up to date, so we will have the support we need if the thinks gets out of hand or escalates.

Communication and Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Communication and Language - Essay Example It is always good to focus on your positive experiences (Campbell, 1957). If Thais do bring up a complaint with you, such as how polluted parts of Bangkok are, or apologize for how dirty their factory is, it is best not to agree with them directly, but simply state 'It's fine--don't worry about it.' Be careful not to give too much praise in regards to a Thai's possessions, as he or she may feel embarrassed, or obligated to give you the item in question. It is best to give general praise, such as 'You have a wonderful office.' Age is also a common question, especially if you are not yet going bald or grey! Direct replies are appreciated, but can be avoided if you don't feel comfortable replying (Campbell, 1957). 'I feel like I'm 21 again!' is a good example of an indirect response. Be aware that Thais will often state bluntly that you are either fat or fatter than the last time they saw you. Don't take offence at this and simply laugh it off and give a simple reason--usually all the delicious Thai food you have been enjoying recently. There is no need to reply with a similar comment. The Thai language uses a phonetic alphabet of 44 consonants and 32 vowels (Noochoochai, 1978). All syllables must contain a vowel sound, but may begin and/or end with a consonant sound. A syllable which ends in a vowel sound is called open, and a syllable which ends in a consonant is called closed.

Multimodles in Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Multimodles in Education - Research Paper Example their use of technological tools in their academics and a majority of the students, some 50% rated themselves as basic, while 22% and 27% rated themselves as professional and advanced respectively (Alawami). These statistics can be said to show that a large number of students are competent enough in the use of technological tools to ensure that their learning process and environment is as comfortable as possible. It is well known that life in the current age is highly influenced by the era of technology, and the latter has come to play an important role in today's human social development. Based on this fact, it has become obligatory to take advantage of the modern technological facilities in aiding the development of education because to do otherwise would mean that there would be a considerable loss in the productivity of students in the modern age. There are, however, other hi-tech implements that can be made the most of in academics besides computers and each of these tools has i ts specific benefits and application. But while this may be the case, in order for the students to use these tools successfully, they should be familiar with the use of all types of computers as well as the Internet, and be able to interact with the techniques needed for the use of these tools. This has been the case in many academic institutions because when asked whether they had used some form of technology in their academic institutions before, all of the respondents stated that they had indeed used it. One of the greatest ideals that have come to be widely appreciated in the world today has been the development of educational technologies whose purpose has been the intended uniting of students from different cultures. Students from diverse cultures tend to have different ideas... This paper approves that a lot of value should be placed in students through the development of technological empowerment programs, which ensure that they get the opportunity to advance in the use of the technology. This is the reason why students have to be taught in an environment that has multi-modals because those who study in such an environment are likely to know exactly how such technology works and will not need a lot of time to learn. It has been found that the students’ experience in the use of technology, which is likely to have been developed after years of using its different forms, tends to work in their favor when conducting their studies. In fact, it is very likely that such students will get work done faster than those who would have studied in an environment devoid of technology because technology, such as the internet, allows students to access the information that they desire almost instantly. The experience that students gain using technology in the classr oom ensures that they know what it lacks and what it has and this enables them to work towards strengthening the knowledge they have gained further while also working towards using even more advanced technology to enhance their learning process. This essay makes a conclusion that the increasing popularity of the use of multi-modals in education is because of the fact that it is most convenient since it enables individuals to easily access information at their own convenience. This is corroborated in a survey question asking students whether they had ever taken online classes before, and fully half of those who responded stated that they had indeed taken such classes.

Law Legal Research and Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Law Legal Research and Research Methods - Essay Example Palestinians on the other hand alleged Israel of continuously breaching Palestinian rights. There is nothing like a separate Palestinian people who are different from other Arabs were the conventional Israeli outlook. This was in the least assumed to be historical. The boundaries of historic Palestine and bordering countries were randomly fixed and there are already a number of Arab nations. Consequently it is irrational to stipulate that Israel should have any liability or part in instituting a nation for them. The Israeli Prime Minister (1969-74) Golda Meir in his famous statement summarized as: "There was no such thing as Palestinians ... It was not as though there was a Palestinian people in Palestine considering itself as a Palestinian people and we came and threw them out and took their country away from them. They did not exist." Some Arab leaders also expressed the same views. In addition to this evidence shows that during the British era when restriction on Jewish colonization to Palestine prevailed, unrestricted Arab migration/immigration to Palestine had taken p lace. Many Arabs have backed up and some carry on affirming the formation of a united Arab state covering all Arab peoples which includes Palestine. This would result in the non-existence of a separate Palestinian state. But this view became a minority perspective among Palestinians during the British Mandate, and began to disappear after 1948 However this opinion is still conveyed often in the Arab states outside Palestine particularly in Syria due to its adhesion to the Greater Syria Movement, launched in 1944 to constitute a "Syrian Arab" state which would include Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Palestine. But this view and its development has become improbable under present political reality. Even those who wanted to favour it in some situations back up an independent Palestinian state as the most

Health Care Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Health Care Economics - Research Paper Example on and use of drugs that they don’t even need and also the other side.(CULS, nd) The example practices of health care fraud include billing for services that were not provided, intentional duplicate billing, erroneous prescription etc. Health Care Abuse; Health care abuse is the practice incurred for the sake of earnings out of prescriptions / applications that are not needed. The provision of goods and services that do not meet the standard of professional health care industry is health care abuse. The example of health care abuse include charging of unnecessary services or prescription of unwanted treatments etc Difference between Health Care Fraud and Health Care Abuse; the difference in health care fraud and health care abuse pertains with the nature of act. Hence, an act that results into unnecessary treatment / prescription falls under the category of health care abuse but the acts that deliberately aim to charge an extra cost out of cheating is counted in the definition of health care fraud. Waste; It refers to the provision of goods and services that were intended not to swindle or mislead but the payment methods that unintentionally raised the cost due to organizational errors. Rules and Regulations Related to Health Care related Fraud and Abuse; The various laws related to Health Care fraud and abuses are stated below for an overview; each of the below mentioned code followed by their clauses render a different impact on the case based on the execution. False Claims Act (FCA), 31 U.S.C., s. 3729 Florida False Claims Act, F.S. 817.234 Anti-Kickback Statute 42 U.S.C. s. 1320a-7b(b) Physician Self-Referral (â€Å"Stark†) Statute, 42 U.S.C. s. 1395nn Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 HIPAA of 1996, Title 18, Section 1347 Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009... This research paper explores the health care economic system of the United States and it's strategies as well as frauds problem that are becoming a widespread issue at present time that needs immediate attention of authorities for raising preventive measures. In the year 2008 the reporting of United States department of Health and Human service office of inspector general reveals the elimination of around 3,000 personnel against accusation of health care related fraud and abuse. Out of these 575 were criminal graded actions and 342 were the civil action abuses. The estimated loss mentioned in the research paper incurred out of the wastage was around $20.4 billion. Although the benefits of medications when used properly cannot be under estimated but the control of resources will grant the improvement in all the other sectors directly and indirectly. Evidence based training with the utilization of strategy that was proposed in this research paper will support the authorities to raise t he potential of professional staff by rendering compact training with plans based on rationale of evidences. A thorough education of policies and procedures along with the training sessions in support of new practices induced via evidence based evaluation will aid the health care authorities to attain an improved level of control on health care delivery. The researcher states that a mutually cooperative exercise will not only aid the socio economic structure but will further improve the system by contracting the space for illegal practices.

Module 4 BHM415 (AUG2014-1) (CASE)Consumer Driven Health Care (SLP) Essay

Module 4 BHM415 (AUG2014-1) (CASE)Consumer Driven Health Care (SLP) - Essay Example Moreover, CDHC create an awareness of health care to consumers. With this awareness, consumers are able to weigh prices from different providers and select medical service that best suits them financially and as a result, service providers will re-price and re-package their services, in competition of patients, determined by quality and price and in the long-run the services become quality and affordable (Catherine, 2010). Furthermore, the American patients are able to utilize the internet in browsing the medical journals freely as well as the libraries for information that was not previously available to them. The parents can comfortably test their children for any ear infection while at home. This is made easy since the parents can make use of the over the counters do it yourself diagnostic kits and this assists is saving the parents from unnecessary trips to the healthcare providers. CDHC offer several services like health savings accounts (HSAs) and health reimbursement agreements (HRAs) where in each account; there is a function for deposit, accumulation, and withdrawal of payments. With health savings accounts (HSAs), the contribution deposited into the account is tax-advantaged and various medical costs are covered by the account thus cutting down on consumers healthcare cost. On the other hand, health reimbursement arrangements (HRAs) are employer-sponsored and allow employees accumulate funds to cover their health care expenses. These expenses are employer-funded and the employer define how much to set aside for each employee, based on how much he can afford (Hughes, Root, & Roehrig, 2007). Nearly half (45 %) of the population in the U.S are estimated to have been infected with some type of chronic condition. Using the CDHC systems, these patients who are infected with the chronic infections can control their healthcare as well as manage their conditions e asily something that was not possible in